This is something I have been seeing the need for in the forums for quite some time, and today I foudn an hour to whip this together.
A request is often made to have an event handler that automagically sets the permissions on a list item so that only the author of the item can edit it, while other people with contributor permissions on the library can only read it.
Sometimes the logic is more complex, but I think this sample code should be enough to get anyone started!
Please note that it is a sample code and should not be used in production environment without some major changes. For example - getting the user name and password of a user with elevated permissions on the list should be from an encrypted config file. Another example for a change is changing the logging to use a trace log.
All that aside, this is still a good working example that shows some interesting things:
- How to get a list item in the event handler
- How to impersonate another user totaly (not using RunWithElevatedPrivilages)
- How to change an item's permissions
- How to create a new permission role in a web site
- How to check if a role exists or not (nice trick there - can you spot it?)
Before the code, let me just thank Ivan Wilson who suggested that I tackle this problem, and co-workers Douglas Leung and Elizabeth Dionisio who sent me the code we wrote together a month back when I tought them to write event handlers. This code is much different than that one, but the base is the same.
I hope this helps someone!
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Web;
using System.Security;
using System.Security.Policy;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.SharePoint;
namespace SharePointTips.SharePoint.Samples.EventHandlers
{
/// <summary>
/// This is the event receiver that traps the item added event of the sharepoint list it is attached to.
/// </summary>
class ListItemSecuritySetter:SPItemEventReceiver
{
#region constants
/// <summary>
/// defines the permission set for editors.
/// </summary>
const SPBasePermissions c_EditorPermissions = SPBasePermissions.EditListItems | SPBasePermissions.ViewListItems;
/// <summary>
/// defines the permission set for readers
/// </summary>
const SPBasePermissions c_ReaderPermissions = SPBasePermissions.ViewListItems;
/// <summary>
/// The name of the role that will be created for the author
/// </summary>
const string c_AuthorRoleName = "Item Author and Editor";
/// <summary>
/// The name of the role that will be created for the reader
/// </summary>
const string c_ReaderRoleName = "Item Reader";
/// <summary>
/// Debug mode writes almost every action to the file log. In production switch this to false. Recommend changing that to read from a configuration file
/// </summary>
const bool DEBUG_MODE = true;
/// <summary>
/// The page where the log file will be created. Recommend changing that to read from a configuration file
/// </summary>
const string c_logFileFolder = @"c:\temp";
#endregion
#region class properties
/// <summary>
/// Returns the name of the log file to be used (file name only - not path)
/// The string returned will contain {0} and {1} that should be replaced with list name and site name.
/// </summary>
private string LogFileName
{
get
{
return "ListItemSecuritySetter-{0}-{1}-" + DateTime.Now.Year.ToString() + DateTime.Now.Month.ToString() + DateTime.Now.Day.ToString() + ".htm";
}
}
#endregion
#region local variables
HTMLFileLogging log;
#endregion
#region event handler event trapping
/// <summary>
/// The sharepoint event for ItemAdded
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
public override void ItemAdded(SPItemEventProperties properties)
{
//run the default event handlers on the item
base.ItemAdded(properties);
//create the log handler object
log = new HTMLFileLogging(c_logFileFolder, string.Format(LogFileName,properties.ListTitle,properties.OpenWeb().Title) , true, false);
this.WriteToLog("ItemAdded was triggered",true);
//if in debug mode, write all the properties in the item to the log
if(DEBUG_MODE)
WriteItemPropertiesToLog(properties.ListItem);
this.WriteToLog("Setting permissions", true);
try
{
//impersonate an administrator who can change permissions on list items in the list
ImpersonationUtility imp = ImpersonationUtility.ImpersonateAdmin();
//open the spweb object to get the token for the user
using (SPWeb webOrigUser = properties.OpenWeb())
{
//get the token for the impersonation user (this will get the user that the ImpersonationUtility is using)
SPUserToken token = webOrigUser.AllUsers[WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name].UserToken;
//reopen the spweb object with the new token - full impersonation!
using (SPSite site = new SPSite(properties.SiteId, token))
{
using (SPWeb web = site.OpenWeb(properties.RelativeWebUrl))
{
//call the function that changes the permissions on the list item.
//Do not use properties.ListItem since that will break impersonation!
SetAuthorAsOnlyEditor(web.Lists[properties.ListId].GetItemById(properties.ListItemId));
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.WriteToLog("Setting permissions encountered an error: " + ex.Message + Environment.NewLine + ex.ToString(), true);
}
}
#endregion
#region custom functions
/// <summary>
/// Loops over the item properties and prints them to the log file. should only be called in debug mode!
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">the list item that is currently handled</param>
private void WriteItemPropertiesToLog(SPListItem item)
{
this.WriteToLog("Item Properties:",false);
foreach(SPField field in item.Fields)
{
try
{
this.WriteToLog(field.Title + " : " + item[field.InternalName].ToString(), false);
}
catch { }
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Function sets the permission on the list item so that the author has edit permission on the item,
/// and all other people with access to the document library can only read.
/// Relies on the values in the constants c_EditorPermissions and c_ReaderPermissions.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">the list item that is currently handled</param>
private void SetAuthorAsOnlyEditor(SPListItem item)
{
using (SPWeb currentWeb = item.Web)
{
this.WriteToLog("Getting author from item", true);
//get the author from the item. 'Author' is a built-in property, so it should be in all lists.
string authorValue = item["Author"].ToString();
SPFieldUserValue authorUserValue = new SPFieldUserValue(currentWeb, authorValue);
SPUser authorUser = authorUserValue.User;
this.WriteToLog("Got author name:'" + authorUser.Name + "', email: '" + authorUser.Email + "'", true);
this.WriteToLog("Breaking role inheritance for the item", true);
//break the security of the item from the list, but keep the permissions
item.BreakRoleInheritance(true);
//change the permissions of everyone with access to this item so they are readers only (c_ReaderPermissions)
ChangeItemExistingRoles(item);
this.WriteToLog("Creating role '" + c_AuthorRoleName + "' in the site if needed", true);
//create a security definition in the web for an author-editor
SPRoleDefinition def = CreateRoleInSite(currentWeb,c_AuthorRoleName,c_EditorPermissions);
this.WriteToLog("Assigning role to the user", true);
//Set the author user with the permissions defined
SPRoleAssignment authorRole = new SPRoleAssignment(authorUser.LoginName, authorUser.Email, authorUser.Name, authorUser.Notes);
this.WriteToLog("Binding the role assignment of the user to the definition", true);
authorRole.RoleDefinitionBindings.Add(def);
this.WriteToLog("Adding the role to the item", true);
item.RoleAssignments.Add(authorRole);
this.WriteToLog("Updating the item", true);
item.Update();
this.WriteToLog("Success!", true);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This function will make everyone with access to the item a reader.
/// Loops over all the roles that exist in the item, removes the bindings and adds the reader permission definition to them
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">the list item currently handled</param>
private void ChangeItemExistingRoles(SPListItem item)
{
//get, and if necessary create, the reader role
SPRoleDefinition readerDef = CreateRoleInSite(item.Web, c_ReaderRoleName, c_ReaderPermissions);
foreach (SPRoleAssignment roleAssignment in item.RoleAssignments)
{
//delete the existing permissions
roleAssignment.RoleDefinitionBindings.RemoveAll();
//add the reader permission
roleAssignment.RoleDefinitionBindings.Add(readerDef);
roleAssignment.Update();
item.Update();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets and if necessary creates the role in the site.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="web">The site where the role should be created</param>
/// <param name="roleName">The name of the role to create</param>
/// <param name="permissions">The permission set to give the role. Example: SPBasePermissions.EditListItems | SPBasePermissions.ViewListItems</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private SPRoleDefinition CreateRoleInSite(SPWeb web,string roleName,SPBasePermissions permissions)
{
this.WriteToLog("Checking if role '"+roleName+"' exists in the web", true);
//check that the role exists
if (RoleExists(web, roleName))
{
this.WriteToLog("Role exists in the web", true);
//role exists - return it
return web.RoleDefinitions[roleName];
}
else
{
//role does not exist in the site- create it and return.
this.WriteToLog("Role does not exist in the web. creating a new role", true);
//Create the role definition in the web by the name specified in c_AuthorRoleName
SPRoleDefinition def = new SPRoleDefinition();
def.BasePermissions = permissions;
def.Name = roleName;
this.WriteToLog("Adding the role to the FirstUniqueRoleDefinitionWeb", true);
web.FirstUniqueRoleDefinitionWeb.RoleDefinitions.Add(def);
this.WriteToLog("Updating the web", true);
web.FirstUniqueRoleDefinitionWeb.Update();
web.FirstUniqueRoleDefinitionWeb.Dispose();
this.WriteToLog("Reopening the current web object", true);
web = web.Site.OpenWeb();
this.WriteToLog("Verifying role is in current web", true);
if (RoleExists(web, roleName))
return web.RoleDefinitions[roleName];
else
{
throw new Exception("Role does not exist?");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// This function checks the spweb objec to see if a specific role exists (by name)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="web">the spweb object for the site to contain the role.</param>
/// <param name="roleName">the name of the role searched for</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool RoleExists(SPWeb web, string roleName)
{
this.WriteToLog("Loading the RoleDefinitions xml string:", true);
this.WriteToLog(web.RoleDefinitions.Xml, true);
//read the xml of the roledefinitions
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.LoadXml(web.RoleDefinitions.Xml);
this.WriteToLog("Searching for the role in the xml", true);
//search for the role with the name in the xml
XmlNode node = doc.SelectSingleNode("//Role[@Name='"+roleName+"']");
//if the search returned null, the role does not exist
if (node == null)
return false;
else
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// writes a message to the log file
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to write</param>
/// <param name="debugOnly">If true, the message will only get written when the code runs in debug mode.</param>
private void WriteToLog(string message,bool debugOnly)
{
if (DEBUG_MODE || !debugOnly)
log.WriteToLogFile(message);
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles simple file logging. Recommend switching to trace log.
/// </summary>
class HTMLFileLogging
{
#region class properties
private string logFolderPath = @"c:\logs";
public string LogFolderPath
{
get
{
return logFolderPath;
}
set
{
if (Directory.Exists(value))
{
logFolderPath = value;
if (logFolderPath.EndsWith("\\"))
{
logFolderPath = logFolderPath.Remove(logFolderPath.Length);
}
}
else
{
throw new DirectoryNotFoundException();
}
}
}
private string logFileName = "";
public string LogFileName
{
get
{
return logFileName;
}
set
{
logFileName = value;
}
}
public string LogFilePath
{
get
{
return this.LogFolderPath + "\\" + this.LogFileName;
}
}
#endregion
#region CTOR
/// <summary>
/// Create a HTMLFileLogging object
/// </summary>
/// <param name="folderPath">The path of the folder that will hold the log file (no file name)</param>
/// <param name="fileName">The name of the file to create</param>
/// <param name="createPath">When this is set to true and the folder does not exist, the code will create the folder.</param>
/// <param name="deleteFile">When this is set to true and the file exists, the code will delete the file and create a new one</param>
public HTMLFileLogging(string folderPath, string fileName, bool createPath, bool deleteFile)
{
this.LogFileName = fileName;
if (createPath && !Directory.Exists(folderPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(folderPath);
}
this.LogFolderPath = folderPath;
if (File.Exists(this.LogFilePath) && deleteFile)
{
File.Delete(this.LogFilePath);
}
}
#endregion
#region custom code
/// <summary>
/// Writes a string to the log file.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">a string to write. supports html tags.</param>
public void WriteToLogFile(string message)
{
try
{
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(this.LogFilePath,true);
sw.WriteLine("<p>");
sw.WriteLine("<date>" + DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString()+ "</date> <time>" + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString() + "</time> <br /> <message>" + message + "</message>");
sw.WriteLine("</p>");
sw.Flush();
sw.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}
}
#endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// Thanks to impersonation example of Victor Vogelpoel [Macaw]
/// http://dotnetjunkies.com/WebLog/victorv/archive/category/2032.aspx
/// </summary>
public sealed class ImpersonationUtility
{
private static string ADMINDOMAINACCOUNT = @"domain\user";//CHANGE THIS!
private static string ADMINDOMAIN = "domain";//CHANGE THIS!
private static string ADMINACCOUNT = "user";//CHANGE THIS!
private static string ADMINPASSWORD = "password";//CHANGE THIS!
private WindowsImpersonationContext _wiContext;
public IntPtr token;
/// <summary>
/// Private ctor.
/// </summary>
private ImpersonationUtility()
{ }
/// <summary>
/// Start impersonating the administrator.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>an ImpersonationUtility instance.</returns>
public static ImpersonationUtility ImpersonateAdmin()
{
ImpersonationUtility imp = new ImpersonationUtility();
imp._ImpersonateAdmin();
return imp;
}
/// <summary>
/// Undo the impersonation.
/// </summary>
public void Undo()
{
if (this._wiContext != null)
{
this._wiContext.Undo();
this._wiContext = null;
}
}
private void _ImpersonateAdmin()
{
token = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr tokenDuplicate = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
// Only start admin impersonation if we're not the admin...
if (String.Compare(ADMINDOMAINACCOUNT, WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name, true, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) != 0)
{
// Temporarily stop the impersonation started by Web.Config.
// WindowsIdentity.Impersonate() will store the current identity (the
// account of the requestor) and return to the account of the ApplicationPool
// which is "DOMAIN\SPAdmin".
this._wiContext = WindowsIdentity.Impersonate(IntPtr.Zero);
// But somehow the reverted account "DOMAIN\SPAdmin" still does
// not have enough privileges to access SharePoint objects, so
// we're logging in DOMAIN\SPAdmin again...
if (NativeMethods.LogonUserA(ADMINACCOUNT, ADMINDOMAIN, ADMINPASSWORD, NativeMethods.LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE,
NativeMethods.LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT, ref token) != 0)
{
if (NativeMethods.DuplicateToken(token, 2, ref tokenDuplicate) != 0)
{
WindowsIdentity wi = new WindowsIdentity(tokenDuplicate);
// NOTE: Impersonate may fail if account that tries to impersonate does
// not hold the "Impersonate after Authentication" privilege
// See local security policy - user rights assignment.
// Note that the ImpersonationContext from the Impersonate() call
// is ignored. Upon the Undo() call, the original account
// will be reinstated.
wi.Impersonate();
}
else
{
throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(),
"Impersonation: Error duplicating token after logon for user \"DOMAIN\\SPAdmin\"");
}
}
else
{
throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(),
"Impersonation: Error logging on user \"DOMAIN\\SPAdmin\"");
}
}
}
finally
{
if (token != IntPtr.Zero)
NativeMethods.CloseHandle(token);
if (tokenDuplicate != IntPtr.Zero)
NativeMethods.CloseHandle(tokenDuplicate);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Thanks to impersonation example of Victor Vogelpoel [Macaw]
/// http://dotnetjunkies.com/WebLog/victorv/archive/category/2032.aspx
/// </summary>
internal sealed class NativeMethods
{
private NativeMethods() { }
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);
public const int LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT = 0;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE = 2;
public const int LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK = 3;
[DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
public static extern int LogonUserA(String lpszUserName,
String lpszDomain,
String lpszPassword,
int dwLogonType,
int dwLogonProvider,
ref IntPtr phToken);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int DuplicateToken(IntPtr hToken,
int impersonationLevel,
ref IntPtr hNewToken);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool RevertToSelf();
}
}
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